Though it has not been a matter of grave import to most historians, or of particular interest to most students of American history, it is curious to note that these first settlers originally instituted a system of common ownership, a form of "communism", among themselves. It seems that this system was not particularly suited to these ruggedly independent new arrivals and, as a result, many of them died from starvation and disease.

Realizing the need for a system which was more compatible to their natures they soon allotted every man his own parcel of land on which to grow his own food and construct his own shelter. Since there was very little money available among the members of this new colony, the primary means of exchange of goods and services was barter. As time passed, a small amount of foreign currency found its way into the colony and encouraged a small increase in trade. Since these new citizens of Massachusetts were very hard-working, there was an abundance of natural resources available, and a healthy prevailing spirit of free enterprise, the economy rapidly began to grow and prosper. Thus a more viable medium of exchange became necessary.

In the year 1690, Massachusetts, still being aware of England's "tally" system, introduced debt-free paper scrip into circulation. While problems did develop in this system because they had established no standard of value, the economy flourished, nonetheless, with full employment. Some of the other colonies followed this example to some extent and found that they also were able to prosper and meet the growing needs of their populace.

During this colonial period of development, there was no official system of banking. A small contingent of lending agencies under the auspices of Colonial management were maintained, but in all the thirteen colonies fewer than thirty private "loan offices" existed. At the present time they are more prevalent than churches! This fact deserves some well considered scrutiny!

Our history books have proffered numerous reasons as to why the American colonies demanded separation from their mother country, England, the most powerful empire on Earth. Many of these were actually recorded in the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson. The first two of these reasons were listed in reference to King George I as follows: "He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good." And: "He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend them."

One might wonder at what these "most wholesome and necessary" laws, that were of such "immediate and pressing importance", may have been? Here again, a much deeper and more penetrating research into what actually occurred historically is essential to correct understanding. If you have begun to suspect that the "Power Elite", through their International Bankers, were involved, you have begun to understand correctly.

The most important cause behind the American War of Independence was the fact that the colonies took the initiative to establish their own currency system by issuing their own paper money, starting in 1690 with 7000 pounds introduced by Massachusetts, and culminating with the issuance of "Colonial Scrip" by the then presiding Continental Congress.

When Benjamin Franklin visited England in 1763 he was questioned by British diplomats as to how the colonies had managed to become so prosperous when Great Britain was suffering such harsh economic reversals. His response was: "That is simple. It is only because in the Colonies we issue our own money. It is called "Colonial Scrip" - and we issue it in the proper proportion to the demands of trade and industry."

Of course, the Bank of England had soon learned of the situation and pressured Parliament to pass a bill which prohibited the new Colonies from creating their own currency. Franklin continued: "Within one year from that date the streets of the Colonies were filled with the unemployed." He later on informed them that this was the primary cause leading up to the War of Independence. To continue in his own words: "The Colonies would gladly have borne the little tax on tea and on other matters had it not been that England took away from the Colonies their money, an act which created unemployment and dissatisfaction."

That's right, the laws spoken of in the Declaration of Independence by Jefferson earlier were those which would have made provision for stabilizing the economic chaos that resulted in the Colonies because of the Bank of England's imposition of its usurious monetary system on them.

Another fact, which will seem contradictory to those who have not had the opportunity to examine what actually took place historically, is that Mayer Amschel Bauer (Rothschild) provided financing for the War of Independence by way of his agent, Haym Solomon, who operated through yet another agent named Robert Morris.

Incredible as it sounds, it has become a fundamental strategy of the "Power Elite" to instigate war and finance both sides when it facilitates greater profits from arms manufacture and sales to both of the warring factions. The Rothschild Dynasty was vastly enriched when it provided King George of England with hired Hessian mercenaries to exterminate American patriots.

In spite of all the borrowing the Continental Congress did to finance the war, finances were still insufficient. Also, under the Articles of Confederation, Congress was not authorized to issue currency or to levy any taxes. However, in the desperate condition the Colonies found themselves, Congress, as a final extreme measure, elected to issue the debt-free currency which came to be known as "Continentals".

The English were already aware, long before Lenin had stated it, that: "The surest way to destroy a nation is to debauch its currency." Thus it became their enterprise to clandestinely circulate copious amounts of counterfeit "Continentals" which, because of Congress' inability to tax them out of circulation, led to their becoming worthless by the time of the war’s end. These worthless notes, however, had extended America’s ability to carry on the war effort and finally achieve our liberty. So they, in fact, are as worthy of our grateful reverence as our Declaration of Independence.

We now find ourselves in the post war period which was briefly discussed earlier. America had been victorious in a vicious war against overpowering opposition, and then, after a mere fifteen years of freedom from foreign control, the politicians surrendered this hard-won freedom to the same "Power Elite" who had caused the war in the first place.

This tragically ironic twist of fate occurred by granting them a charter to establish the First Bank of the United States. The agent that the "Power Elite" used, and through whom our slavery was re-established, was an Englishman from the West Indies named Alexander Hamilton. His real name was Levine, however, he took the name of his step-father after his mother divorced his real father and married again. He claimed that he was Hamilton’s illegitimate son because this was more acceptable socially, at the time, than being Jewish.

Alexander Hamilton was the most authoritative figure attending the Constitutional Convention with regard to banking and finance. The fact that he also led the New York delegation provided him with sufficient influence to modify the existing economic system. The Constitutional provisos that limited the American government to a metallic (specie) system, along with the power it gave to "borrow money on the credit of the United States," have been and remain the most vulnerable aspects of our Constitution to this day.

The original Constitutional provisions stated: "To borrow Money and emit bills on the credit of the United States," and this same wording was written into the Articles of Confederation by Benjamin Franklin. However, Governor Morris argued that: ".... the Monied interest will oppose the plan of Government, if paper emissions be not prohibited."

Remembering that "the borrower is servant to the lender," we thus can see how the "Power Elite" very cunningly set the snare that would enslave us once and for all. Hamilton, as Secretary of the Treasury and armed with these reworded provisions, was then successfully able to lobby for and bribe Congress into granting the Charter which established, in 1791, the First Bank of the United States. So, a short fifteen years after a glorious victory for freedom, our American leaders accepted defeat without a struggle as they plunged the nation into the debtor’s prison owned by the "Power Elite". According to our history books, Alexander Hamilton is revered as a great patriot when, in fact, he was much more of a traitor than Benedict Arnold.

It was clear that Thomas Jefferson comprehended the weak point in our Constitution when he said: "I wish it were possible to obtain a single amendment to our Constitution. I would be willing to depend on that alone for the reduction of the administration of our government to the genuine principles of its Constitution; I mean an additional article, taking from the federal government the power of borrowing."

For an explanation of how the value of currency was established by the Coinage Act of 1792, read the addenda immediately following this installment.

As it was revealed before in a previous installment, when Hamilton's charter expired twenty years later, in 1811, Congress, with greater wisdom or more integrity, refused to renew it. The Bank of England, in its effort to re-establish its usurious financial system, incited the War of 1812, the same cause behind the War of Independence. Once again America was victorious, but again in dire economic condition, and as before, Congress once again turned victory into defeat by issuing a charter for the Second Bank of the United States, a virtual re-enactment of the previous scenario.

Then, in 1829, when Andrew (Old Hickory) Jackson became our seventh president, he violently opposed the insidious financial orchestrations of the "Power Elite’s" agents, and announced to them in virulent, no uncertain terms, "You are a den of vipers and thieves and I intend to rout you out, and by the Eternal God, I will rout you out."

In his message to Congress after he vetoed their efforts to renew the Bank’s charter, he said: "The bold efforts that the present bank has made to control the government, the distress it has wantonly caused, are but premonitions of the fate which awaits the American people should they be deluded into a perpetuation of this institution or another like it.....if the people only understood the rank injustice of our money and banking system there would be a revolution before morning."

Henceforth, "Old Hickory" had all American funds removed from the Second Bank of the United States and re-distributed them to the state banks. At the same time, in a single sweeping gesture, he also eliminated the national debt, perhaps one of the most courageous acts of determination in the history of our nation. The fact that he was not assassinated, as would happen to Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy later on in similar circumstances, was miraculous.

An attempt to kill him was made by one Richard Lawrence on January 30, 1835. He used two pistols and, ironically, they both misfired. The courts tried Lawrence but eventually acquitted him by reason of insanity. He later boasted arrogantly about his connection with international bankers who had assured him of protection were he to be apprehended for his act at their behest.

Time and again the "Power Elite’s" agents applied their nefarious undertakings toward the re-establishment of a central bank, but were met with no success. While they were able, by various means to disrupt the banks operating under states charters, they, for the most part, acquiesced to the futility of gaining complete control of America through a central bank.

The "Power Elite" were not to be deferred for long as the strategy emerged from their midst to conquer our Country by dividing it into two separate nations. By clandestine means, through hired agents who were expert in the field of propagandizing, they were able to insidiously perpetrate an alliance of southern states, called the Confederacy, seeking secession from the United States over the issue of slavery. This led to all-out war between the North and the South and was tremendously profitable to the powers that be.

It seems the London faction of the Rothschilds’ banking interests provided some of the financial backing for the Northern States through their agent, August Belmont (Schoenberg). At the same time, the Paris branch of the same banking interests financed the Southern States through their agents, Judah P. Benjamin and John Slidell.

The "Power Elite" had grossly overestimated the control they held over President Lincoln. When the Union approached the private banks for loans necessary to conduct the war, the banks demanded an outrageous twenty-eight percent interest rate as a return on their loans. These demands so angered Lincoln that, forthwith, he undertook to have Congress authorize, in three subsequent issues, a total of four hundred fifty million dollars in U.S. Constitutional Notes, known as "Lincoln Greenbacks", and were paid (not loaned) into circulation directly for the materials and services which were essential to the war effort.

The circulation of these debt-free U.S. Constitutional Notes were the salvation of the Union and would have ultimately eroded the controlling influence of the "Power Elite", had history not taken another tragic turn.

An editorial in The London Times, a newspaper controlled by the "Power Elite" announced to the world: "If this mischievous financial policy, which has its origins in the North American Republic, shall become indurated down to a fixture, then that government shall furnish its own money at no cost. It will pay off its debts and be without debt. It will have all the money necessary to carry on its commerce. It will become prosperous without precedent in the history of the world. The brains and the wealth of all countries will go to North America. That government must be destroyed or it will destroy every monarchy on the globe."

On the other side of the coin, President Lincoln had this to say about the "Power Elite".: "The `money power' preys upon the nation in time of peace and conspires against it in times of adversity. It is more despotic than monarchy, more insolent than autocracy, more selfish than bureaucracy. It denounces as public enemies all who question its methods or throw light upon its crimes." And further: "I have two great enemies, the Southern Army in front of me and the financial institutions in the rear. Of the two, the one in my rear is my greatest foe."

Then, in the month of July, 1862, the iniquitous Hazard circular was distributed by London’s agents of the "Power Elite" among the American banking establishment: "Slavery is likely to be abolished by the war power and chattel slavery destroyed. This, I and my European friends are in favor of, for slavery is but the owning of labor and carried with it the care of the laborers, while the European plan, led by England, is that capital (the "Power Elite") shall control labor by controlling wages. This can be done by controlling the money. The great (national) debt that capitalists will see to it is made out of the war, must be used as a means to control the volume of money. To accomplish this the (war) bonds must be used as a banking basis. We are now waiting for the Secretary of the Treasury to make this recommendation to Congress."

History tells us that the Secretary of Treasury, Salmon P. Chase, and Congress gave in to the predominance of the "Power Elite", with the result being the National Bank Act of 1863. Thus, once again, the "Power Elite’s" agents had regained the authority to create our money, albeit not without certain exclusions. As time passed Chase became bitterly regretful of this choice of action. He explained: "My agency in promoting the passage of the National Bank Act was the greatest financial mistake of my life. It has built up a monopoly which affects every interest in the country. It should be repealed, but before that can be accomplished, the people will be arrayed on one side and the bank on the other, in a contest such as we have never before seen in this country."

U.S. Congressman, John Sherman of Ohio, in a correspondence to the London branch of the Rothschild agency of the "Power Elite", wrote the following: "The few who can understand the system will either be so interested in its profits, or so dependent on its favors, that there will be no opposition from that class, while on the other hand, the great body of people, mentally incapable of comprehending the tremendous advantages that capital derives from the system, will bear its burden without complaint and, perhaps, without even suspecting that the system is inimical to their interests."

Horace Greely, in his writings about the National Bank Act in 1872, had the following to say: "We have stricken the shackles from four million human beings and brought all laborers to a common level, not so much by the elevation of the former slaves as by practically reducing the whole working population, white and black, to a condition of serfdom. While boasting of our noble deeds we are careful to conceal the ugly fact that by our iniquitous money system we have nationalized a system of oppression which, though more refined, is not less cruel than the old system of chattel slavery."

As stated earlier, President Lincoln was introducing the appropriate measures to regain control over the American economy, when history made a tragic turn. The "Power Elite", in order to thwart the growth of the honest, straight-forward, debt-free system instituted by Lincoln and safe-guard their own usurious and corrupt financial monopoly, had to eliminate him.

On a fateful eve in 1865 at a social event at the Ford Theater, one John Wilkes Booth, a fanatical member of the Knights of the Golden Circle, a secret society controlled by the "Power Elite", assassinated President Lincoln.

Prince Otto Von Bismark, (the Iron Chancellor) Prussian Chancellor of the German Empire, had the following to say regarding Lincoln’s untimely death: "The death of Lincoln was a disaster for Christendom. There was no man in the United States great enough to wear his boots, and (the "High Cabal") went anew to grab the riches of the world. I fear that foreign bankers with their craftiness and tortuous tricks will entirely control the exuberant riches of America, and use it to systematically corrupt modern civilization. They will not hesitate to plunge the whole of Christendom into wars and chaos in order that the earth should become their inheritance." Chancellor Bismark was an astoundingly accurate prophet, it seems.

Almost simultaneously, with their added influence, the "Power Elite" were able to bring back their ancient "gold standard" and implement it in America and several European countries as well. It seems that Congress was softened by bribery into passing the infamous Coinage Act of 1873, which was later dubbed, with disdain, as "The Crime of '73." This "Act" had the effect of demonetizing silver and literally undermined and ruined the Constitutional bi-metallic standard. While it did make provision for the minting of a new silver "trade dollar" at 420 grains of standard silver, it was "legal tender" for debts of no more than five dollars.

Thus the insidious orchestrations of the "Power Elite" once again plunged the nation into another monetary crisis, forcing Congress to introduce the Bland-Allison Silver Act of 1878, despite President Rutherford B. Hayes’ attempts to veto it.

The Bland-Allison Act repealed the previously imposed "legal tender" limitations of five dollars and re-monetized the silver "trade dollar" at 412.5 grains of standard (.90) silver. The government mint was then commanded to "coin" two to four million dollars per month and to exchange them on demand for silver certificates. They were thus able to circulate debt-free currency to the American people and, once again, the economy flourished with trade and enterprise.

This debt-free money, of course, reduced the public demand for the bank credit extended by the agents of the "Power Elite". This created an intolerable situation for them because the people were now able to service the otherwise unpayable interest on their land, home and business mortgages. For the remainder of the Nineteenth Century, the "Power Elite" engaged in an all out propaganda campaign which misguidedly, but successfully, promoted the "gold standard", their ancient tether, upon humanity.

The result of the "Power Elite’s" fervor in conditioning the voter’s minds to their "system", was the turbulent Presidential campaigns of 1896 and 1900 between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. Bryan, who made the now famous statement: "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns - you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!", was unable, on both occasions, because of the relentless plotting of the "Power Elite", to defeat McKinley, who was eventually assassinated in 1901.

Thus, on March 14, Congress passed the "Power Elite’s" favored resolution, The Gold Standard Act of 1900. Its provisions stated: "That the dollar consisting of twenty-five and eight-tenths grains of gold, nine-tenths fine....shall be the standard unit of value." Here we see lionized for posterity the "Power Elites Golden Rule": "He who owns the gold, RULES."

Contained in the "Power Elite’s Master Plan" for world domination, the following statement can be found: "You are aware that the gold standard has been the ruin of States which adopt it, for it has not been able to satisfy the demands for money, the more so that we have removed gold from circulation as far as possible." (Obvious snippets of "Their" guiding principles are revealed occasionally, if disjointedly, in correspondences between agents, which are now part of the public record should a diligent investigator seek to unearth them.) There is more to be spoken of later regarding the "Master Plan" as it applies to our researches.

With the Gold Standard now securely entrenched in America, the "Power Elite" began setting the stage for the introduction of their "star" option...another American Central Bank from which the entire American economy could be maneuvered at their whim. As a means of gaining popular support for "Their" preferred genre of bank reform, the "Power Elite’s" agents orchestrated the "Panic of 1907".

Charles Lindbergh, Sr., then U.S. Congressman and father of the famed "Lone Eagle", trans-Atlantic solo pilot, stated: "The money trust caused the 1907 panic and thereby forced Congress to create a National Monetary Commission."

Immediately following this "panic", Congress established the National Monetary Commission to engage a foreign study program in order to root out the flaws in our economy and thus to formulate and propose the appropriate remedial legislation back to themselves. The chairman of said Commission was none other than Senator Nelson Aldrich which amounted to assigning the fox to guard the henhouse. After a couple of years of extravagant and luxurious living in Europe, at the hardworking American taxpayer’s expense, "studying" the European banking and financial systems, the Commissioners returned to America indoctrinated with the nefarious economic strategies bestowed upon them by the "Power Elite" and their agents.

Senator Nelson Aldrich was the grandfather of the Rockefeller brothers, and was the namesake of Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller, the notorious Governor of New York State, who also employed Henry Kissinger and who was the patron saint of Richard "Tricky Dick" Nixon and George "Thousand points of Light" Bush.

An interesting point of fact which bears value mentioning here is that Jacob Schiff of Kuhn-Loeb and Co., was another important member of this commission. This agent and his association assisted in the financing of one of the bloodiest national revolts in history. The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia was aided and encouraged by twenty million dollars worth of backing by agents of the "Power Elite". Curiously, Schiff was born in the same home shared by his family with the Rothschilds in Frankfurt, Germany.

By exercising even a minimal amount of imagination, the connection between these family names, their association with international financial affairs, and the fact that these associations are invariably connected to some violent revolutionary upheaval always leading to death and destruction within or between the nations involved, one could be led to think that such an insidious cabal is worthy of suspicion.

It seems they have found that the most profitable commodities to be marketed in the world today are hatred, intolerance and violence, and everyone is buying it. Whether it is nations buying weaponry to use against other nations, street gangs buying firearms to use against each other or children renting videos and games of violence at the local shopping mall, it is the same story. Mankind is falling prey to the philosophy of the "Power Elite": "Kill or be killed!" "Survival of the fittest!" "They" sound the rhythm, and we dance to the beat. Power and profit, as always, remains in the hands of those best suited to maintain it and the easily imposed ignorance of the indolent masses is the key to "Their" continuing success. ("Consensus by aquiescence.")

As soon as this "enlightened" commission returned to America from Europe, Senator Aldrich convened a secret conference between the Rothschild agents. On November 22, 1910, this conclave gathered at the railway station in Hoboken, New Jersey, boarded a private parlor coach owned by Aldrich and, with window blinds drawn, embarked toward their destination, a private hunting club owned by J.P. Morgan and associates on Jekyll Island, Georgia. The purpose of their conference was to draft and document the measures which would eventually undermine and sabotage the protective provisions of our U.S. Constitution. This would in time, bring America to its knees economically and under the absolute control of the "Power Elite".

The chief planner and designer of these measures was a man named Paul Warburg, of Kuhn-Loeb and Co., a Rothschild agent who was transferred to America from Frankfurt, Germany to fulfill his baneful and odious task at a salary of half a million dollars a year.

The author will not, in this brief examination, attempt to detail the multifarious and complex provisions of the Federal Reserve Act which has, since its inception, been amended by Congress on no less than two hundred occasions. Because of the important fact that the absolute financial control over our lives the Federal Reserve has today, the reader should be made aware that Congress had no legal authorization whatsoever, under our Constitution, to relinquish its power to coin and issue the currency of our nation over to a private corporation. This is a statement of fact, which is of supreme importance to the people of the United States of America and cannot be emphasized strongly enough. It is also a part of the public record, for those who may be concerned about the significance of such matters, that the Class A Stock of the Federal Reserve Banking System is almost exclusively owned by foreign agents of the "Power Elite".

Needless to say, in view of both of these significantly important factors, Congress, with both houses voting in blatant violation of their oaths, did, in this heinous endeavor, sell their nation out from under the feet of its people. On December 22, 1913, the Senate, by a vote of 43 to 25, and, on December 23, 1913, the House of Representatives, by a vote of 209 to 60, passed the Owen-Glass Bill which established the Federal Reserve as the entity which would henceforward control the finances of America, its government and its people.

This Bill was, post haste, signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. He would later recant his action which led him to make the rueful statements found in the vignette that appears at the beginning of the next installment. It is now known as the Federal Reserve Act and the auspices under which it was established, a private central bank, is unobtrusively referred to as the "Fed".

The "Power Elite" spared nothing to guarantee the establishment of "Their" treasonous measures. For example, they provided the financial backing to support Teddy Roosevelt and his "Bull Moose" Party in order to divide the Republicans against themselves for the purpose of defeating William Howard Taft, who was then President. This insured the election of their agent, Woodrow Wilson, to the presidency. Congressman Charles Lindberg Sr., after the passage of this Bill, stated: "This Federal Reserve Act established the most gigantic trust on Earth. When the President signs this Bill the invisible government of the Monetary Power ("Power Elite"-*authors note) will be legalized." In 1933, twenty years after the passage of this Bill, Congressman Louis T. McFadden, then Chairman of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, attempted to expose the enormously corruptive influence of the Federal Reserve when he said: "The sack of the United States by the `Fed' is the greatest crime in history." He was assassinated, and, upon examining the facts of subsequent history, most sensible people would have to agree that he was correct. We will examine his thoughts on these matters further in the next installment. (See addendum *authors note)

-END-

ADDENDUM

As mentioned in the previous installment, The Coinage Act of 1792 defined a "dollar" as 371.25 grains of .999 (fine) silver and 24.75 grains of pure gold, establishing a bi-metallic standard at a ratio of fifteen parts of silver equal to one part of gold.

The Mintage Act of 1837 again defined the dollar as 371.25 grains of fine silver but reduced the equivalent dollar of gold to 23.22 grains of pure gold, a new ratio of sixteen parts silver to one part gold.

In 1873, a "trade dollar" was established of 378 grains of fine silver while the dollar in gold was retained at 23.22 grains, changing the ratio once again to 16.28 to one. However, a defacto gold standard was established.

In 1878 the Bland-Allison Act restored the fine silver content of the dollar to 371.25 grains and the silver/gold ratio back to sixteen to one.